The Métis are the descendants of French or English men who came to work in the fur trade and married Aboriginal women. 30% of Aboriginal peoples in Canada are Métis.

Inuit means “the people” in the Inuktitut language.

Aboriginal people lived in Canada before any immigrants came. The Charter says that it will keep all of the promises in other agreements (treaties) made with the Aboriginal people (e.g. about land ownership).

1800s - 1980s: Schools that the Canadian government put Aboriginal children in. They were far away from parents and Aboriginal communities. Students were not allowed to speak their own languages and some were physically abused. In 2008, the Canadian government apologized for this treatment.

The Constitutional right for Aboriginal peoples to own the land they lived on. In 1763, King George III promised this to Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

Aboriginal peoples who live in small towns and communities across the Arctic. Only 4% of Aboriginal peoples are Inuit.

Aboriginal peoples who are not Inuit or Métis. Half of the First Nations peoples live in reserves.

Land where many Aboriginal Peoples live. The government legally owns this land. There are around 600 of these communities in Canada.

Métis, Inuit, First Nations.

People who lived in Canada before Europeans arrived. At the time, native peoples lived off the land, hunted, gathered food, and raised crops.

Cree, Dene, Iroquois, Sioux

Native peoples who lived in the northwest part of Canada. They were hunter-gatherers.

85%.

Over 50%.

Aboriginal peoples were allowed to vote.

A famous Inuit artist. She made modern Inuit art, like prints and soapstone sculptures.

The "Father of Manitoba". He fought with the Métis of Red River against Canada for taking over their land near Winnipeg. He was later sentenced and killed for fighting against Canada.

The Métis' greatest military leader.

A pole carved from a tree, with Aboriginal cultural symbols. Totem poles were often created by Aboriginal peoples living on the Pacific Northwest coast.

A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). An elected official in the provincial government.

A Member of the National Assembly (MNA). An elected official in the provincial government.

A Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP). An elected official in the provincial government.

A Member of the House of Assembly (MHA). An elected official in the provincial government.

A Member of Parliament (MP). An elected official in the federal government.

The North American Free Trade Agreement.

Alberta.

British Columbia.

Manitoba.

New Brunswick.

Newfoundland and Labrador.

Nova Scotia.

Northwest Territories.

Nunavut.

Ontario.

Prince Edward Island.

Quebec.

Saskatchewan.

Yukon.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police. They are the national police force, and enforce federal laws.

The Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) and the Quebec Provincial Police (QPP). They are the only provinces that have provincial police forces.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Canada joined this after World War II. It later became the World Trade Organization (WTO).

The World Trade Organization (WTO). Canada is a member of this.

Allows all Canadians to get basic healthcare.

Employment Insurance (EI). EI is insurance to help people who lose their jobs.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). A military alliance between Canada and other democratic countries that formed during the Cold War.

The North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD). Canada and the U.S.A. are members of this.

The United Nations (UN). Canada is a member of the UN.

The Canadian Football League (CFL).

North West Mounted Police (NWMP). They founded Fort Calgary.

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). They fought in the Battle in Britain and helped the Allies fight in World War 2.

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). They fought in the Battle of the Atlantic and protected ships from German submarines.

• It is Canada’s national winter sport • Canadians watch this sport more than any other sport • The Stanley cup is for men • The Clarkson cup is for women • The players wear skates

• It was introduced by Canada’s Scottish pioneers • The players push a “rock” across the ice • Some players have to sweep with a broom • The “rock” has a handle on it

• It is Canada’s official summer sport • It was first played by the Aboriginal people • Players play in teams during this game • Players throw a ball, and have a stick with a net on it to catch the ball

1920s: A famous group of Canadian landscape painters who painted the wilderness in Canada.

A member of the Group of Seven from British Columbia. She painted images from Aboriginal culture and the West Coast forests.

A member of the Group of Seven. His most famous painting is called "The Jack Pine".

A group of artists from Quebec.

A member of Les Automatistes from Quebec. He was an abstract painter.

A famous sculptor from Quebec. He made historical sculptures.

(1) Denys Arcand (2) Norman Jewison (3) Atom Egoyan

1891: He invented basketball.

Basketball.

Hockey.

A great Canadian hockey player. He played for the Edmonton Oilers.

Canada won an important hockey game against Russia.

She wona a gold medial in speed skating at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games.

A double Olympic gold medalist and a world record sprinter.

He was an Olympic gold medalist. He is also an important activist for gay and lesbian Canadians.

A world wheelchair racer and Paralympic champion.

He lost his right leg to cancer when he was 18 years old. He began a cross-country run across Canada to raise money for Cancer research.

1980: The name for Terry Fox's cross-country run to raise money for Cancer research.

1985: He went around the world in his wheelchair to raise money for spinal cord research

A trophy that teams in the Canadian Football League (CFL) can win. Named after Lord Grey who donated the trophy to the Canadian Football League (CFL).

A popular game that is different from American football, and different from what other countries call football (soccer).

1909: Governor General. The Grey Cup is named after him.

An Olympic medial winning track and field champion during the late 1920's and 1930s.

This is the symbol of Remembrance Day. It reminds us of the sacrifice of Canadians who have served or died in wars up to the present day.

You can name any two of the following: (1) The Canadian Crown (2) The National Flag (3) The Maple Leaf (4) Coat of Arms and Motto (5) The beaver (6) Parliament buildings

The Canadian Crown.

The National Flag.

The Maple Leaf.

Coat of Arms and Motto.

The beaver.

Parliament buildings.

• It has been a symbol of the state in Canada for 400 years • It is a symbol of government, the legislature, the courts, police services and the armed forces • It represents the Queen of Canada

• It is red and white • The red and white pattern comes from the flag of the Royal Military College in Kingston • It was first raised on February 15, 1965 • The National day is celebrated on July 1 • It has a maple leaf in the middle

• It is red • It is Canada’s most well known and respected symbol • It was used in the 1700s by French Canadians • It was used on Canadian uniforms in the 1850s • It is on the Canadian flag today

• It started to be used after the World War 1 • It contains the Latin expression “Mari Usque Ad Mare” • It contains red maple leaves • It contains symbols of England, France, Scotland and Ireland • It is used on dollar bills, government documents and public buildings

• They were completed in the 1860s • They have some architecture which was popular during the time of Queen Victoria • They were burned in 1916 • In 1927, the Peace Tower was added to remember soldiers who died in the war

• It was an emblem of the St. Jean Baptiste Society • It is a symbol of the Hudson’s Bay Company • It is a hard working animal which is related to the rat • It is on the 5 cent coin • It is on the coat of arms of Saskatchewan and Alberta

• It is written in English and French • It was first sung in Quebec City in 1880 • It was made official in 1980

The Canadian National Anthem

It is played or sung to honour the Sovereign.

The Royal Anthem of Canada

Canadian flag first raised.

The colours of Canada.

Was the commonly used flag in the 200 years before Canada became a country.

Ottawa.

St. John’s.

Charlottetown.

Halifax.

Fredericton.

Quebec City.

Toronto.

Winnipeg.

Regina.

Edmonton.

Victoria.

Whitehorse.

1867: Confederation is the joining of provinces to make a new country.

• First Prime Minister of Canada (1867 - 1873) • Father of Confederation

Confederation. Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick joined Canada.

Manitoba, Northwest Territories joined Canada.

British Columbia joined Canada.

Prince Edward Island joined Canada.

Transfer of the Arctic Islands (to N.W.T.).

Yukon Territory joined Canada.

Alberta, Saskatchewan joined Canada.

Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada.

Nunavut joined Canada.

July 1: A national holiday celebrating Canadian confederation.

• The birthplace of confederation • 13-kilometre Confederation Bridge • Smallest province • Beaches, red soil and agriculture • Anne of Green Gables

Another name for Canada.

(1) Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché
(2) Sir George-Étienne Cartier
(3) Sir John A. Macdonald.

Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia.

1949: Newfoundland and Labrador.

1999: Nunavut.

1863 - 1867: Pre-confederation country made up of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec).

A "Father of Confederation". He was important in making confederation happen by helping get Quebec, the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia join Canada.

When a monarch (king or queen) helps to maintain the rule of law that is in the Constitution. Canada is a consitutional monarchy.

Queen Elizabeth II signed the amended constitution.

A system of laws and conventions by which our country governs itself.

The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state.

Canadians can live and work anywhere they want in Canada. They can go in and out of the country, and apply for a passport.

This says that the Government of Canada has to use both English and French equally in Parliament, and in the government.

Canada is proud of being a multicultural country. We try to respect many ways of doing things, and many different beliefs, and live together in peace.

Everyone must obey the law, even if they are in a high position.

It is important to get a job, and take care of one’s family, and to work hard. This helps to make Canada a strong country.

When a person is in court, a jury is a group of people who help the judge to make decisions about whether the person who is on trial is guilty or not guilty. You must serve on a jury if you are asked.

You are responsible to vote in elections. Voting is done by secret ballot (no one can know who you voted for).

Canadian citizens often volunteer. This means that they work without pay to help people. It is a good way to gain useful skills, make friends and network for jobs.

Every Canadian citizen needs to help protect Canada by avoiding waste and pollution.

People who speak French as a first language. 7 million Francophones live in Canada. Most live in Quebec.

People who speak English as a first language. 18 million Anglophones live in Canada.

A word that means "village" in the Iroquoian language. The origin of the name "Canada".

A group of people who have similar ideas about how their city, province or country should be governed.

A card that tells you when and where you can vote. The National Register of Electors mails a card to everyone who is a registered voter.

A poll that allows you to vote before election day, if you want to.

When you choose a political candidate by marking an "X" next to their name on a ballot.

Where you put your ballot after you have chosen a candidate.

A justice system where everyone has just and fair treatment, with all of their legal rights. Canada's justice system has this.

The belief that someone is innocent until proven guilty. Canada's justice system believes this.

Problems that people argue about. People can settle disputes in court.

When a national (federal) government deals with general national issues, and each province or territory manages local issues. Canada is a federal state.

When citizens vote in democratic elections, and elected politicians go to parliament to make laws. Canada is a parliamentary democracy.

When the majority of elected representatives in the House of Commons vote that they are not confident that cabinet ministers are doing their job. This leads to an election.

A group of 52 countries who are loyal to the Queen. Canada is a part of the commonwealth.

A race-based fee that was charged for Chinese who entered Canada. The Government of Canada apologized for this in 2006.

Insulin is a hormone which helps to treat diabetes. It has saved 16 million lives worldwide. Discovered by Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best.

Canadians who discovered insulin.

Canadian inventor. Thought of the idea of the telephone.

Canadian inventor. He invented the snowmobile. The snowmobile was the first light-weight winter vehicle.

Canadian inventor. He invented the worldwide system of time zones.

They worked together to invent the first electric light bulb. They later sold the patent to Thomas Edison, who is famous for making the light bulb available for commercial sale.

Canadian inventor who helped to invent the radio by sending the first wireless voice message.

He was a brain surgeon at McGill University in Montreal. He helped to discover new ways to do surgery.

He invented the Pacemaker, which can send electrical impulses to the heart to help the heart to beat correctly.

They invented the Canadarm. The Canadarm is a big robotic arm that attaches to a spacecraft. It helps astronauts to do work in space.

They are each famous for being a CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of Research in Motion (RIM), a wireless communications company that produced the BlackBerry.

Famous Canadian thinkers in the area of communication.

A big Canadian-built robotic arm that attaches to a spacecraft. It helps astronauts to do work in space.

(1) Gerhard Herzberg (a refugee from Nazi Germany) (2) Frederick G. Banting (3) John Polanyi (4) Sidney Altman (5) Richard E. Taylor (6) Michael Smith (7) Bertram Brockhouse

In Canada, men and women are equal under the law. Violence against women is also a crime. This includes domestic violence, honor killings or female genital cutting, which are all crimes in Canada.

The idea that people who live in Canada can have different cultural traditions, and the country can still be united.

1935 - 1940: Governer General of Canada who believed in Unity in Diversity

Largest religious group in Canada. Majority are Catholic, second largest group is Protestant.

When a person marries someone of the same gender or sex (e.g. a woman marrying a woman). Gay marriage is legal in Canada.

People of African origin in the 1780s, who escaped slavery in the U.S.A. by coming to Canada.

A Canadian Olympian who is descendent of black Loyalists.

Canada allowed refugees who wanted to leave Communism (e.g. from Hungary) to settle in Canada.

Over 50,000 Vietnamese who wanted to leave Communist North Vietnam came as refugees to Canada.

Multiculturalism.

1 million.

1914 - 1920: Over 8,000 Austrian and Hungarian immigrants to Canada were forced into labour camps.

The movement to allow women the right to vote.

The leader of the women's suffrage movement in Canada. The first Canadian woman to practice medicine.

1940: She helped the women of Quebec to get the vote.

1921: She was the first woman to be a Member of Parliament (MP).

1988: Canada apologized for treating Japanese Canadians who lived in British Columbia like enemies during World War 2.

1885: The railway was finished. It is a powerful symbol of unity. It connects Canada geographically from the West Coast to the Atlantic Region.

• Offshore oil and gas • Hydro-electric resources

Coal mining, forestry, agriculture, shipbuilding, shipping, fisheries, and off-shore oil and gas.

Forestry, agriculture, fisheries, mining, food processing and tourism.

Forestry, energy, mining, pharmaceuticals and aeronautics.

Service and manufacturing industries.

Agriculture, mining and hydro-electric power generation.

Canada’s largest producer of grains and oilseeds.

Largest producer of oil and gas.

Forestry, mining, fishing, fruit orchards and wine industry.

Mining.

Gold, lead, copper, diamond and zinc. Oil and gas is being developed.

Was caught, traded and sold by French and Aboriginal people to buyers in Europe.

1670: A fur-trading company that got the right to look for fur near the Hudson's Bay

Service, manufacturaing and natural resource industries.

Canada started free trade with the U.S.A.

Mexico, Canada and the U.S.A.

Mexico, U.S.A. and Canada became partners in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

U.S.A., Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, and Canada.

75%.

The United States of America.

Jobs in the service industry are in the areas of transportation, education, healthcare, construction, banking, communications, retail services, tourism and government.

Manufactured products include paper, high technology equipment, aerospace technology, automobiles, machinery, food, clothing, and many other goods.

These industries include forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining and energy.

Canada

75% (3/4) of Canada's exports go to the U.S.A.

The words written on the Peace Arch in Washington, U.S.A. that show how the U.S.A. and Canada are closely connected.

The largest bilateral trading relationship in the world.

Saskatchewan.

Alberta.

The forestry industry. 50% of the goods made in BC are forestry products.

The name for the time in the 1890s which many people hurried (rushed) to go north to try to get rich from the gold in the Yukon.

Another name for the Northwest Territories.

Oil was discovered in Alberta.

1927: Ideas about Old Age security began to emerge.

Pension plans.

1886: The first train on the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) that travelled to British Columbia for the first time.

A name for the 1920s because of good economic times.

The stock market crashed.

A name for the 1930s because of bad economic times. There was high unemployment and bad crops.

1934: Was created. It brought stability to the financial system.

(1) Bring your voter information card and proof of identity and address (2) Choose a candidate by marking an "X" on the ballot (3) Close the ballot and give it to the poll official (4) Put it in the ballot box after the poll official returns your ballot to you

To be able to vote, a person has to be: (1) a Canadian citizen (2) 18 years old on voting day (3) on the voter’s list

Voting in Canada is done by secret ballot and no one has the right to insist that you tell them how you voted. You do not have to tell anyone who you voted for.

After an election, the party with the most seats in the House of Commons forms the government.

Federal elections (for the whole country), provincial or territorial elections, and local elections (for a municipality or city).

The name given to the opposition party with the most members in the House of Commons.

(1) Conservative Party (2) Liberal Party (3) New Democratic Party (NDP) (4) Bloc Quebecois

The location voters go to vote.

The table inside the voting place where a voter receives his/her ballot.

The person who goes door to door collecting names of eligible voters for the voters list.

The person who is responsible to conduct the election in an electoral division.

The piece of paper a voter uses to vote.

For federal elections, the country of Canada is divided into 308 areas. Each area is called a constituency or a riding, and has some candidates who will run for office in the federal election.

For provincial elections, each province or territory is split into a number of areas. Each area is called an electoral division.

For municipal elections, each municipality (city, town..etc) is split into a number of areas. Each area is called a ward.

Japanese-Canadians were allowed to vote.

White men who owned property.

All Canadian citizens over the age of 18.

White men who owned property. Women who were nurses in battle (World War 1) or related to men in the war.

White men who owned property. Most women over the age of 21.

(1) Aboriginal peoples (2) The French (3) The British

One thousand years ago, the Vikings from Iceland came to Newfoundland and Labrador.

The voyageurs worked for the fur trade companies from Montreal, and were from France. They traveled by canoe and carried trade goods and supplies to exchange for furs.

The Loyalists were settlers who ran away from the United States to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

The Crown. They wanted to stay loyal to Britain, and did not want to fight in the American Revolution against Britain.

40000

1755 - 1763: The Acadians were forced to leave Canada, and go to Britain, France, or another British colony.

The descendents of the French settlers in the Maritimes

People who live in Quebec. They have a unique identity and culture.

Native peoples who hunted and farmed. The enemies of the Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron.

Native peoples who were nomadic. They followed the buffalo (bison) herd.

1534 - 1542: The first European to explore the land where Quebec City and Montreal are today. He made 3 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. He claimed Canadian land for the King of France.

The Iroquois

(1) Newfoundland and Labrador (2) Prince Edward Island (3) Nova Scotia (4) New Brunswick

British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Alberta.

• Oldest colony of the British Empire • Unique heritage linked to the sea • Known for fisheries, coastal fishing villages, and distinct culture

• World’s highest tides in the Bay of Fundy • Most populous Atlantic province • Canada’s largest east coast port and naval base

• Bay of Fundy “flowerpot” rocks • NB is in the Appalachian Range • The St. John River system is the 2nd largest river system on North America’s Atlantic coastline • The only officially bilingual province

• More than 3/4 of the people speak French as their first language • Films, music, literary works and food are known internationally • Percé Rock

• CN Tower • Toronto is Canada’s main financial centre. • Culturally diverse • The five Great Lakes are between Ontario and the USA • The Niagara region is known for it’s vineyards, wines and fruit crops

• Golden Boy • Largest provincial Aboriginal population • Western Canada’s largest Francophone community

• Regina is the training academy of the RCMP • Contains 40% of the land in Canada that is good for farming (arable land)

Iqaluit.

• Inukshuk • Nunavut means “our land” in Inuktitut • Established in 1999

Yellowknife.

• Polar Bear • More than 1/2 the people are Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit, Métis) • Northern lights • Yellowknife is called the “diamond capital of North America”

The land settled by Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlan. In 1759 this became the Province of Quebec.

1840: Upper Canada and Lower Canada united and were called The Province of Canada.

Is the border between Canada and the United States of America.

Quebec, Ontario.

Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta.

British Colombia.

Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory.

10 million square km.

Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans.

The Atlantic regions, Central Canada, the Prairies, the West coast, the North.

Queen Victoria chose Ottawa to be the capital of Canada.

A city and the area around it (e.g. the National Capital Region is the area around Ottawa, including Ottawa).

The metopolitan area around Ottawa, including Ottawa. It is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Canada.

10 Provinces.

3 Territories.

34 million people.

Nova Scotia.

The second largest river system on the East coast.

Over 8 million people.

Over 12 million people.

Toronto.

The United Empire Loyalists.

Quebec.

Lake Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior.

Lake Superior.

Montreal.

A type of land which is very dry, and where the soft rock has been eroded (washed or blown away) by wind and/or water for a long period of time. Exist in Alberta.

Manitoba.

Located in British Columbia. Canada’s largest and busiest port.

The entry to the Pacific Ocean area in British Columbia.

600.

33% (1/3) of Canada's land mass is taken up by the North region of Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon).

Another name for northern Canada because in the middle of summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours.

Tundra has frozen soil under the top layer, and no trees. Exists in the North region of Canada.

Another name for the Canadian Forces Reserves (militia). They help protect the Arctic.

The highest mountain in Canada. Located in the Yukon.

A world-famous Canadian geologist. Mount Logan is named after him.

The 2nd longest river system in North America. Located in the Northwest Territories.

1960s: Many Quebecers tried to separate from Canada.

1970: An international association of French-speaking countries. Canada helped create this.

1980 & 1995: Quebec had referendums asking the people of Quebec if they wanted to separate from Canada. Both times Quebecers voted not to separate.

1920s: Some believed that the British West Indies (the British islands in the Carribean Sea) should become part of Canada. They are not a part of Canada today.

Louis Riel

They are elected by voters in their local constituency (riding).

The idea that the government is responsible to the people, and the people must trust that the government is doing its job. If they lose the confidence of the House, the government resigns and an election is called.

Sir Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine was the first leader of a responsible government in Canada in 1849.

(1) Executive (2) Legislative (3) Judicial

The Queen is very different than the Prime Minister. (1) The Prime Minister is the Head of Government. He is responsible to provide leadership for the governing of the country (2) The Queen is Canada’s Head of State and the Head of the Commonwealth.

Canada has three levels of government: (1) Federal (2) Provincial or territorial (3) Municipal

• First French Canadian Prime Minister (1896 - 1911) • He encouraged immigration to the West • His portrait is on the $5 bill

• Prime Minister (1911 - 1920) • Gave women the right to vote in federal elections

Current Prime Minister (Head of Government, 2015 - present).

• Selects the cabinet • Responsible for government operations and policies

• Contains elected Members of Parliament (MP) • Elections for MPs usually happen every four years • Consider and review bills (proposed laws)

• Appointed by the Prime Minister and serve until age 75 • Consider and review bills

18th Governor General.

20th Governor General.

26th Governor General.

27th Governor General.

28th Governor General.

First representative assembly elected in Halifax (NS).

1837 - 1838: A British reformer.who wanted to unite Upper and Lower Canada and make government more democratic.

Municipal government.

Municipal goverment.

Municipal goverment.

Municipal goverment.

Municipal goverment.

Municipal goverment.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal government.

Federal and provincial government (shared).

Federal and provincial government (shared).

Federal and provincial government (shared).

Provincial government.

Provincial government.

Provincial government.

Provincial government.

Provincial and municipal governments.

Provincial government.

A First Nations elected official.

A municipal law.

2 types of elected officials in municipal goverment.

The head of a province or territory.

The representative of the Queen in a province or territory.

The Queen's representative in Canada (federal government).

The elected head of government in Canada. The leader of the political party with the most elected Members of Parliament in the House of Commons.

The Queen.

(1) Canada is a federal state (2) Canada is a parliamentary democracy (3) Canada is a constitutional monarchy.

Is located in Ottawa. People elect members to the House of Commons.

People who serve in the senate. They are appointed by the Governer General (on the advice of the Prime Minister).

(1) First Reading (2) Second reading (3) Committee Stage (4) Report Stage (5) Third Reading (6) Senate (7) Royal Assent.

When a bill is read for the first time and printed. The first step to make a bill into law.

When members debate the ideas in a bill. The second step to make a bill into law.

When Committee members study a bill very carefully. The third step to make a bill into law.

When members make amendments to a bill. The fourth step to make a bill into law.

When members debate and vote on a bill. The fifth step to make a bill into law.

When a bill follows a similar process in the Senate as in the House of Commons. The sixth step to make a bill into law.

When a bill is approved by the Governor General after it is passed by the House of Commons and the Senate. The last step to make a bill into law.

The Queen.

Newfoundland and Labrador.

Quebec.

Ontario.

PE, NS, NB, MB, SK, AB, BC, YT, NT, NU.

Decision making branch of government.

(1) Governor General (2) the Prime Minister and Cabinet (3) the administration (all government departments, armed forces, Crown corporations and others).

Have the power and responsibility to create laws.

(1) Governor General (2) House of Commons (3) the Senate

Another name for the Senate.

Senate votes on bills after they are passed by the House of Commons. They also investigate economic and social issues. Made up of senators appointed by Governor General.

Administer justice.

Judges and courts

(1) Executive branch (2) Legislative branch (3) Judicial branch

(1) Federal Court of Canada (2) Provincial Courts

9 judges.

Appointed.

The Governor General.

Elizabeth II.

Justin Trudeau.

The Chief Justice of Canada is currently serving as the administrator of the Government of Canada until such a time as the next governor general is installed. 

An expression that means that Canadians believe in freedom, but it must have order. Canadians also believe in good and fair government.

The highest honour available to Canadians. It is awarded for bravery or self-sacrifice during contact with an enemy during war.

He was the first black man to be awarded the Victoria Cross.

1943: He earned his Victoria Cross in the Second World War.

He was a flying ace. He earned his Victoria Cross during the First World War.

He was not born in the British Empire. He earned his Victoria Cross during the First World War.

1854: He was the first Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross.

He was the last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross until now.

Quebec became a nation within Canada

The British changed the name of New France to the Province of Quebec

Slavery became illegal in the entire British Empire.

The U.S.A. tried to conquer Canada.

Reformers who thought that Canada should be more like the U.S.A. and rebelled against the British colonial government. They lost.

New Year's Day.

Sir John A. Mcdonald Day.

Good Friday.

Easter Monday.

Vimy Day.

Victoria Day.

Fête nationale (Quebec).

Canada Day.

Labour Day.

Thanksgiving Day.

Remembrance Day.

Sir Wilfred Laurier Day.

Christmas.

Boxing Day.

The North West Mounted Police (NWMP).

November 11: A day to remember the sacrifice of Canadians who have served or died in wars up to the present day.

(1) Wear a red poppy (2) Have a minute of silence at 11:00 a.m.

Canada helped liberate Italy during World War 2.

D-Day. When Northern France was invaded.

Canada helped liberate the Netherlands during World War 2. This helped end the war.

Canadian troops died trying to defend Hong Kong from Japan, and in Dieppe, France.

Japan surrendered. This ended World War 2.

1604: French explorers who made a European settlement in what is now Canada.

Late 17th - Early 18th Centuries: A great hero of New France who fought against the British

1782 - 1783: A British man who helped the Loyalists to move from the United States to Nova Scotia and Quebec

1793: Helped make slavery illegal in Upper Canada. Also the founder of the city of York (Toronto).

1812 - 1814: A Shawnee Aboriginal chief who helped defend Canada when Canada was fighting against the U.S.A.

1812 - 1814: A French-Canadian who helped capture the city of Detroit when Canada and the U.S.A. were at war.

1813: She made a dangerous 19 mile (30 km) journey on foot to warn Canadians of a planned U.S.A. attack.

1814: He helped found Ottawa (Canada's capital)

1910 - 1936: He was the King of England. He also decided that Canada's colours should be white and red.

1837 - 1901: Queen Elizabeth II’s great-great-grandmother.

Sir John A. McDonald.

King George V.

1901 - 1910: Queen Elizabeth II’s great-grandfather.

1910 - 1936: Queen Elizabeth II’s grandfather.

1936: Queen Elizabeth II’s uncle.

1936 - 1952: Queen Elizabeth II’s father.

1952 - present: The current queen, Queen Elizabeth II

Another name for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

A famous Canadian member of the RCMP, frontier hero and a soldier of the Queen.

Another name for Donald Smith, the director of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR).

Sir Wilfred Laurier.

Canada's greatest soldier in World War 1. He helped Canada win the Battle of Amiens.

The role of the courts in Canada is to settle disputes. Disputes are problems about which people argue.

Yes. If you don’t feel the police are treating you fairly, you can question them. You can bring your concerns to the police and you will be listened to, and they will try to solve the problem.

(1) English common law (2) the civil code of France (3) Great Britain

1774: An act passed byt the British in Quebec. It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and allowed them to work in government jobs. It established British criminal law and French civil law.

(1) The rule of law (2) Freedom under the law (3) Democratic principles (4) Due process

To settle disputes.

To punish criminals and deter crime.

To enforce the law and to keep people safe.

Canada's highest court.

Deals with laws that relate to the Federal government.

Names for appeal and trial courts.

Deal with civil cases involving small sums (amounts) of money.

English and French.

New Brunswick.

English, Chinese and Punjabi.

1969: French-language rights and services were promised to all Canadians.

The Official Languages Act was created.

Some examples are: (1) Obeying the law (2)Taking responsibility for oneself and one’s family (3) Serving on a jury

Two key documents are (1) Magna Carta (The Great Charter of Freedoms) (2) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

(1) Freedom of conscience and religion (2) Freedom of thought, belief, and opinion and expression, including freedom of speech and of the press (3) Freedom of peaceful assembly (4) Freedom of association

Some examples: (1) Getting a job (2) Taking care of one’s family (3) Working hard

Slaves were treated badly in the US, and travelled to Canada for safety. In 1793, Canada began discussing making slavery illegal.

1792: A city in Sierra Leone (Africa) established by black Nova Scotians

The way of escape that thousands of slaves used as they escaped from the United States (where slavery was legal) to Canada.

The first woman publisher in Canada. She wanted to end slavery in the United States

The Canadian female nurses who served in World War 1 were nicknamed Bluebirds. There were more than 3,000 of them.

1759: This British defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham (near Quebec City). They were battling in the 1700's to decide who would control North America; this win was important for the British.

A canal in Ottawa built to protect Canada from U.S.A. invasion.

1950 - 1953: Canada (and the UN) defended South Korea during the Korean War. 500 Canadians died, and 1,000 were wounded.

1899-1902: 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the Boer War in South Africa. 260 died.

Over 600,000.

1917: The Canadian army captured Vimy Ridge in France. Vimy day celebrates the braveness of the soldiers during the Batle of Vimy Ridge.

The end of World War 1. Germany and Austria surrendered.

60,000 killed and 170,000 wounded.

1915: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae wrote this poem about the soldiers who died and are buried in a cemetary where poppy flowers grow.

Countries that were fighting against Nazism in World War 2 were called the Allies.

1914 - 1918: World War 1 (World War 1).

1939 - 1945: World War 2 (World War 2).

10%.

Over 1 million.

44000

Helped Britain with food, clothing and supplies during World War 2.